Disrupted biological clocks (circadian misalignment)—caused by shift work, late-night eating, or irregular sleep— significantly increase obesity risk by disrupting metabolism, reducing energy expenditure, and altering appetite hormones . Misalignment causes the body to store energy rather than spend it, often leading to insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, and weight gain. Key Connections Between Circadian Rhythm and Obesity: Misaligned Metabolism: Circadian clock genes regulat